經典牛肉穆薩卡食譜

2026 年 9 月 28 日





描述穆薩卡最直觀的方式,就是把它和千層麵相比,但這兩道菜在技術上其實是大不相同的。穆薩卡並非以厚重麵條為層,而是把烤過的茄子夾在辛香的絞肉和濃郁白醬的層間。成品仍然是豐富、層次分明、適合切片的砂鍋料理,但它帶有絲滑的奶香口感,以及微妙的甜香,讓穆薩卡成為獨特之作。

穆薩卡在巴爾幹地區和中東地區有著悠久的歷史,經過長時間的演變,逐漸發展成今天為人熟知的模樣。雖然世界各地的穆薩卡版本多以茄子與絞肉為基本,但有些更像燉煮菜肴,而另一些則會加入馬鈴薯。雖然希臘風格的穆薩卡是一個較現代的變體,但常被視為最具代表性的版本,且可選擇是否加入薄薄的土豆片。

我的穆薩卡把滑嫩的烤茄子與香脆的炸馬鈴薯,以及辛香的碎牛肉醬與柔滑的白醬層層堆疊,讓每一口都能感受到不同口感的對比與濃郁風味。就像千層麵一樣,穆薩卡是一場用心的創作,但最終的回報是讓人感到安慰的焗烤料理,讓每一步都值得投入。

The ingredients needed to make classic beef moussaka

The list of ingredients in questa ricetta può sembrare intimidatoria, ma實際上並不那麼長——大部分是你很可能已經備齊的香料。第一層需要兩條茄子、橄欖油與鹽。土豆層也需要鹽、幾個 russet 土豆,以及煎炸用的葵花籽油(或植物油)。肉餡層的材料最多:洋蔥、蒜、番茄醬、紅酒、絞牛肉、番茄醬、歐芹、牛至、百里香、肉桂、丁香粉,以及粗黑胡椒,外加少許橄欖油與鹽。最後是柔滑的白醬,需要奶油、麵粉、牛奶、肉豆蔻、雞蛋,以及帕瑪森起司,最後再撒在上方以增香。”/>

Step 1: Heat up the oven

將烤箱預熱至華氏 400 度(約 200°C)。

Step 2: Sprinkle the eggplant with salt

先把茄子切片後撒上1茶匙鹽,放入濾水盆中,讓其出水約 30 分鐘。

Step 3: Heat up the oil for frying

在茄子瀝乾時,先把馬鈴薯切成條狀並準備炸油。以中火在鑄鐵鍋中加熱葵花籽油,直到油溫接近 350–375°F(約 175–190°C)。

Step 4: Fry the potatoes

把馬鈴薯丟入油中煎至剛好呈現金黃色,每邊大約三分鐘。取出後放在紙巾上瀝油,然後再以 ½ 茶匙鹽或依個人口味加鹽。*

Step 5: Dry the eggplant and add oil and salt

茄子瀝乾後,完全擦乾表面水分,放在鋪有羊皮紙的烤盤上。淋上 2 湯匙橄欖油,並灑上 ½ 茶匙鹽。

Step 6: Roast the eggplant

烤至軟化,大約 30 分鐘,半途中翻面。不要讓茄子過於軟爛成泥狀。

Step 7: Heat the oil in a large pot or pan

同時讓茄子在烤箱裡進行的過程,開始製作肉醬。於一個大鍋或燉鍋中加熱 2 湯匙橄欖油。

Step 8: Soften the aromatics

把洋蔥和蒜加入平底鍋中,讓它們變得軟化,約 2 分鐘。

Step 9: Stir in the tomato paste

加入番茄醬,攪拌均勻。煮至醬汁開始黏附在鍋壁上,約 2 分鐘。

Step 10: Deglaze the pot

用紅酒去片鍋底,刮下鍋裡焦糖化的香味屑屑。

Step 11: Crumble the beef

加入牛肉,邊煎邊把肉碎成碎狀,同時讓酒液收乾。

Step 12: Stir in the tomato sauce and spices

加入番茄醬、歐芹、香草、香料,以及鹽與胡椒。攪拌後換小火煨煮,保持輕微的滾煮煨燉,約 20 分鐘。

Step 13: Begin the bechamel by melting butter

當牛肉慢燉時,同步準備白醬。在中火的小鍋中融化黃油。

Step 14: Form a roux with flour

加入麵粉搖拌成非常濃稠的 roux,切勿讓其燒焦。

Step 15: Whisk the milk into the roux

慢慢加入溫牛奶同時攪拌,直到混合物變稠,大約需要 5 分鐘。持續攪拌,避免牛奶燒焦或黏在鍋底。

Step 16: Whisk in the seasoning, cheese, and egg

當混合物沿著湯勺的背面形成痕跡時,將鍋子從火上移開,加入鹽、胡椒、肉豆蔻,以及 1/2 杯帕瑪森起司。讓其冷卻後,再把雞蛋打入攪拌均勻。

Step 17: Lower the oven temperature

將烤箱溫度降低至華氏 350 度(約 175°C)。

Step 18: Arrange the potatoes in a casserole dish

開始組裝穆薩卡。取一個 9×13 吋的烤盤,先在底部鋪上一層土豆,噴些油並撒上一點鹽。

Step 19: Layer with eggplant

在土豆層上再鋪上一層茄子。

Step 20: Add the meat sauce

在茄子上方加入肉醬。

Step 21: Layer with eggplant and potatoes

再以另一層茄子與另一層土豆覆蓋。

Step 22: Cover with béchamel and cheese

以白醬覆蓋馬鈴薯層,並在上方灑上剩餘的半杯帕瑪森起司。

Step 23: Bake the moussaka

以 40–50 分鐘的時間烘烤,直至表面呈金黃色。

Step 24: Remove, rest, slice, and serve

從烤箱取出,讓它靜置 15–20 分鐘,再切片享用穆薩卡。

What pairs well with moussaka?

Classic Beef Moussaka

我們的經典穆薩卡把茄子與香脆土豆、暖香辛料的碎牛肉,以及柔滑的白醬層層堆疊,讓每口都散發濃郁的鹹香味。

slice of beef moussaka on a plate

Total time: 2 hours, 30 minutes

  • For the vegetables
  • 2 medium-sized eggplants, sliced into ¼-inch rounds
  • 2 teaspoons salt, divided
  • 2 cups canola oil, for frying
  • 4 large russett potatoes, peeled and sliced between ⅛- to ¼-inch thick
  • 2 tablespoons olive oil
  • For the meat sauce
  • 2 tablespoons olive oil
  • 1 yellow onion, diced
  • 1 tablespoon minced garlic
  • 2 tablespoons tomato paste
  • ½ cup red wine
  • 1 pound ground beef
  • 1 (14.5-ounce) can tomato sauce
  • 1 tablespoon chopped parsley
  • 1 teaspoon dried oregano
  • ½ teaspoon dried thyme
  • ½ teaspoon cinnamon
  • ¼ teaspoon allspice
  • ½ teaspoon salt
  • ½ teaspoon pepper
  • For the bechamel
  • 6 tablespoons butter
  • ¾ cups flour
  • 4 cups milk, warmed
  • ½ teaspoon salt
  • ⅛ teaspoon pepper
  • ⅛ teaspoon ground nutmeg
  • 1 cup grated Parmesan cheese, divided
  • 1 egg
  1. Preheat the oven to 400 F.
  2. Start with the eggplant. Sprinkle the eggplant with 1 teaspoon salt and place into a colander. Let sweat for 30 minutes.
  3. While the eggplant is draining, fry the potatoes. Heat the canola oil in a cast iron skillet over medium heat until very hot (350-375 F).
  4. Add the potatoes and fry until just barely golden, about 3 minutes per side. Remove and drain on paper towels, then salt with ½ teaspoon salt or to taste.
  5. Once the eggplant is drained, pat it completely dry and place on a parchment-lined sheet tray. Drizzle with 2 tablespoons olive oil and sprinkle with ½ teaspoon salt.
  6. Roast until softened, about 30 minutes, flipping halfway through. Do not let eggplant get too soft and mushy.
  7. While the eggplant is roasting, make the meat sauce. Heat 2 tablespoons of olive oil in a large pot or braising pan.
  8. Add the onion and garlic to the pan and soften, about 2 minutes.
  9. Add the tomato paste and stir to combine. Cook until it’s beginning to stick to the pot, for about 2 minutes.
  10. Deglaze with red wine, scraping the browned bits.
  11. Add the beef and crumble while browning. Cook completely while the wine reduces.
  12. Add the tomato sauce, parsley, herbs, spices, and salt and pepper. Stir and reduce to a simmer and cook for 20 minutes.
  13. Finally, while the beef is simmering, make the bechamel. Melt the butter in a saucepan over medium heat.
  14. Whisk in the flour to form a very thick roux. Do not allow to burn.
  15. Add the warmed milk in slowly while whisking until the mixture is thick, about 5 minutes. Whisk continuously to avoid the milk burning or sticking to the bottom of the pot.
  16. When the mixture coats the back of a spatula, remove the pan from the heat and add salt, pepper, nutmeg, and ½ cup of Parmesan. Allow it to cool, then whisk in the egg.
  17. Lower the oven temperature to 350 F.
  18. Build the moussaka. Spray a 9×13-inch dish with oil, then arrange half of the potatoes across the bottom of the dish.
  19. Layer with half of the eggplant.
  20. Add the meat sauce on top of the eggplant.
  21. Layer with another layer of eggplant, then another layer of potatoes.
  22. Cover the potatoes with bechamel and sprinkle with the remaining ½ cup Parmesan cheese.
  23. Bake for 40-50 minutes, until the top is golden.
  24. Remove the dish from the oven and let it rest for 15-20 minutes, then slice and serve the moussaka.
Calories per Serving 1,114
Total Fat 91.1 g
Saturated Fat 20.0 g
Trans Fat 0.9 g
Cholesterol 108.5 mg
Total Carbohydrates 48.3 g
Dietary Fiber 8.1 g
Total Sugars 15.0 g
Sodium 1,436.7 mg
Protein 26.9 g

所顯示的資訊為 Edamam 的估算,基於可取得的食材與作法。本文資訊不應被視為專業營養師建議的替代品。

Do the potatoes have to be fried in Moussaka?

雖然不少版本不使用馬鈴薯,穆薩卡並非一定要炸馬鈴薯才能完成。不過有幾個理由值得考慮這樣做:在組裝前就先部分熟成的馬鈴薯,烤箱烘烤時能變得柔軟且更易層疊;若直接使用生的土豆片,煎煮完畢後會較結實、淀粉含量高,而且在茄子與肉醬這種厚重層裡,口感可能不夠柔軟。炸馬鈴薯能在外層立刻變脆,同時讓裡頭變得更軟、鬆軟;深炸能快速且穩定地讓外皮變金黃酥脆,裡頭也更柔軟。若想省時間與油脂,烤箱烤也是不錯的選項:把馬鈴薯淺薄地塗上一層油,灑鹽,烤至剛好金黃且略微鬆軟即可;切片過程中不要把它們烤得完全軟化,因為它們在組裝好的穆薩卡中還要再煮熟。

What is sweating the eggplant, and why do I need to do it for moussaka?

對茄子“出汗”實際上和聽起來的意思差不多:把切好的茄子撒鹽後放置,讓其中的水分釋出或「出汗」。再把水分吸乾,確保茄子完全乾燥後再進行烤制。鹽分會把茄子中的水分牽引出來,這有助於避免茄子在煎炸或烤焙時變得過於軟糯。這對穆薩卡尤為重要,因為茄子會與其他材料層疊,若茄子釋出過多水分,整盤會變得濕稠。

在這道食譜中之所以需要讓茄子“出汗”,是因為當它們被烘烤時,我們希望茄子片在組裝入烤盤前先呈現棕色表皮,這樣烤焙完成後才會有清晰的層次與脆香的外表。確保茄子徹底乾燥,是讓外皮最脆、最金黃的關鍵。雖然這一步看起來有點繁琐,但長遠來說,能讓穆薩卡保持結實的層次,並避免多餘的水分影響口感。



林 婉妮

我是一位喜歡料理、育兒觀察與居家生活的媽媽,也是婗媽的創作者。透過這個部落格,我想分享真實、實用又溫暖的日常經驗,從家常食譜到孩子成長小技巧,陪更多媽媽一起把家的生活過得更輕鬆。