描述穆薩卡最直觀的方式,就是把它和千層麵相比,但這兩道菜在技術上其實是大不相同的。穆薩卡並非以厚重麵條為層,而是把烤過的茄子夾在辛香的絞肉和濃郁白醬的層間。成品仍然是豐富、層次分明、適合切片的砂鍋料理,但它帶有絲滑的奶香口感,以及微妙的甜香,讓穆薩卡成為獨特之作。
穆薩卡在巴爾幹地區和中東地區有著悠久的歷史,經過長時間的演變,逐漸發展成今天為人熟知的模樣。雖然世界各地的穆薩卡版本多以茄子與絞肉為基本,但有些更像燉煮菜肴,而另一些則會加入馬鈴薯。雖然希臘風格的穆薩卡是一個較現代的變體,但常被視為最具代表性的版本,且可選擇是否加入薄薄的土豆片。
我的穆薩卡把滑嫩的烤茄子與香脆的炸馬鈴薯,以及辛香的碎牛肉醬與柔滑的白醬層層堆疊,讓每一口都能感受到不同口感的對比與濃郁風味。就像千層麵一樣,穆薩卡是一場用心的創作,但最終的回報是讓人感到安慰的焗烤料理,讓每一步都值得投入。
The ingredients needed to make classic beef moussaka
The list of ingredients in questa ricetta può sembrare intimidatoria, ma實際上並不那麼長——大部分是你很可能已經備齊的香料。第一層需要兩條茄子、橄欖油與鹽。土豆層也需要鹽、幾個 russet 土豆,以及煎炸用的葵花籽油(或植物油)。肉餡層的材料最多:洋蔥、蒜、番茄醬、紅酒、絞牛肉、番茄醬、歐芹、牛至、百里香、肉桂、丁香粉,以及粗黑胡椒,外加少許橄欖油與鹽。最後是柔滑的白醬,需要奶油、麵粉、牛奶、肉豆蔻、雞蛋,以及帕瑪森起司,最後再撒在上方以增香。”/>
Step 1: Heat up the oven
將烤箱預熱至華氏 400 度(約 200°C)。
Step 2: Sprinkle the eggplant with salt
先把茄子切片後撒上1茶匙鹽,放入濾水盆中,讓其出水約 30 分鐘。
Step 3: Heat up the oil for frying
在茄子瀝乾時,先把馬鈴薯切成條狀並準備炸油。以中火在鑄鐵鍋中加熱葵花籽油,直到油溫接近 350–375°F(約 175–190°C)。
Step 4: Fry the potatoes
把馬鈴薯丟入油中煎至剛好呈現金黃色,每邊大約三分鐘。取出後放在紙巾上瀝油,然後再以 ½ 茶匙鹽或依個人口味加鹽。*
Step 5: Dry the eggplant and add oil and salt
茄子瀝乾後,完全擦乾表面水分,放在鋪有羊皮紙的烤盤上。淋上 2 湯匙橄欖油,並灑上 ½ 茶匙鹽。
Step 6: Roast the eggplant
烤至軟化,大約 30 分鐘,半途中翻面。不要讓茄子過於軟爛成泥狀。
Step 7: Heat the oil in a large pot or pan
同時讓茄子在烤箱裡進行的過程,開始製作肉醬。於一個大鍋或燉鍋中加熱 2 湯匙橄欖油。
Step 8: Soften the aromatics
把洋蔥和蒜加入平底鍋中,讓它們變得軟化,約 2 分鐘。
Step 9: Stir in the tomato paste
加入番茄醬,攪拌均勻。煮至醬汁開始黏附在鍋壁上,約 2 分鐘。
Step 10: Deglaze the pot
用紅酒去片鍋底,刮下鍋裡焦糖化的香味屑屑。
Step 11: Crumble the beef
加入牛肉,邊煎邊把肉碎成碎狀,同時讓酒液收乾。
Step 12: Stir in the tomato sauce and spices
加入番茄醬、歐芹、香草、香料,以及鹽與胡椒。攪拌後換小火煨煮,保持輕微的滾煮煨燉,約 20 分鐘。
Step 13: Begin the bechamel by melting butter
當牛肉慢燉時,同步準備白醬。在中火的小鍋中融化黃油。
Step 14: Form a roux with flour
加入麵粉搖拌成非常濃稠的 roux,切勿讓其燒焦。
Step 15: Whisk the milk into the roux
慢慢加入溫牛奶同時攪拌,直到混合物變稠,大約需要 5 分鐘。持續攪拌,避免牛奶燒焦或黏在鍋底。
Step 16: Whisk in the seasoning, cheese, and egg
當混合物沿著湯勺的背面形成痕跡時,將鍋子從火上移開,加入鹽、胡椒、肉豆蔻,以及 1/2 杯帕瑪森起司。讓其冷卻後,再把雞蛋打入攪拌均勻。
Step 17: Lower the oven temperature
將烤箱溫度降低至華氏 350 度(約 175°C)。
Step 18: Arrange the potatoes in a casserole dish
開始組裝穆薩卡。取一個 9×13 吋的烤盤,先在底部鋪上一層土豆,噴些油並撒上一點鹽。
Step 19: Layer with eggplant
在土豆層上再鋪上一層茄子。
Step 20: Add the meat sauce
在茄子上方加入肉醬。
Step 21: Layer with eggplant and potatoes
再以另一層茄子與另一層土豆覆蓋。
Step 22: Cover with béchamel and cheese
以白醬覆蓋馬鈴薯層,並在上方灑上剩餘的半杯帕瑪森起司。
Step 23: Bake the moussaka
以 40–50 分鐘的時間烘烤,直至表面呈金黃色。
Step 24: Remove, rest, slice, and serve
從烤箱取出,讓它靜置 15–20 分鐘,再切片享用穆薩卡。
What pairs well with moussaka?
Classic Beef Moussaka
我們的經典穆薩卡把茄子與香脆土豆、暖香辛料的碎牛肉,以及柔滑的白醬層層堆疊,讓每口都散發濃郁的鹹香味。
Total time: 2 hours, 30 minutes
- For the vegetables
- 2 medium-sized eggplants, sliced into ¼-inch rounds
- 2 teaspoons salt, divided
- 2 cups canola oil, for frying
- 4 large russett potatoes, peeled and sliced between ⅛- to ¼-inch thick
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- For the meat sauce
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 1 yellow onion, diced
- 1 tablespoon minced garlic
- 2 tablespoons tomato paste
- ½ cup red wine
- 1 pound ground beef
- 1 (14.5-ounce) can tomato sauce
- 1 tablespoon chopped parsley
- 1 teaspoon dried oregano
- ½ teaspoon dried thyme
- ½ teaspoon cinnamon
- ¼ teaspoon allspice
- ½ teaspoon salt
- ½ teaspoon pepper
- For the bechamel
- 6 tablespoons butter
- ¾ cups flour
- 4 cups milk, warmed
- ½ teaspoon salt
- ⅛ teaspoon pepper
- ⅛ teaspoon ground nutmeg
- 1 cup grated Parmesan cheese, divided
- 1 egg
- Preheat the oven to 400 F.
- Start with the eggplant. Sprinkle the eggplant with 1 teaspoon salt and place into a colander. Let sweat for 30 minutes.
- While the eggplant is draining, fry the potatoes. Heat the canola oil in a cast iron skillet over medium heat until very hot (350-375 F).
- Add the potatoes and fry until just barely golden, about 3 minutes per side. Remove and drain on paper towels, then salt with ½ teaspoon salt or to taste.
- Once the eggplant is drained, pat it completely dry and place on a parchment-lined sheet tray. Drizzle with 2 tablespoons olive oil and sprinkle with ½ teaspoon salt.
- Roast until softened, about 30 minutes, flipping halfway through. Do not let eggplant get too soft and mushy.
- While the eggplant is roasting, make the meat sauce. Heat 2 tablespoons of olive oil in a large pot or braising pan.
- Add the onion and garlic to the pan and soften, about 2 minutes.
- Add the tomato paste and stir to combine. Cook until it’s beginning to stick to the pot, for about 2 minutes.
- Deglaze with red wine, scraping the browned bits.
- Add the beef and crumble while browning. Cook completely while the wine reduces.
- Add the tomato sauce, parsley, herbs, spices, and salt and pepper. Stir and reduce to a simmer and cook for 20 minutes.
- Finally, while the beef is simmering, make the bechamel. Melt the butter in a saucepan over medium heat.
- Whisk in the flour to form a very thick roux. Do not allow to burn.
- Add the warmed milk in slowly while whisking until the mixture is thick, about 5 minutes. Whisk continuously to avoid the milk burning or sticking to the bottom of the pot.
- When the mixture coats the back of a spatula, remove the pan from the heat and add salt, pepper, nutmeg, and ½ cup of Parmesan. Allow it to cool, then whisk in the egg.
- Lower the oven temperature to 350 F.
- Build the moussaka. Spray a 9×13-inch dish with oil, then arrange half of the potatoes across the bottom of the dish.
- Layer with half of the eggplant.
- Add the meat sauce on top of the eggplant.
- Layer with another layer of eggplant, then another layer of potatoes.
- Cover the potatoes with bechamel and sprinkle with the remaining ½ cup Parmesan cheese.
- Bake for 40-50 minutes, until the top is golden.
- Remove the dish from the oven and let it rest for 15-20 minutes, then slice and serve the moussaka.
| Calories per Serving | 1,114 |
| Total Fat | 91.1 g |
| Saturated Fat | 20.0 g |
| Trans Fat | 0.9 g |
| Cholesterol | 108.5 mg |
| Total Carbohydrates | 48.3 g |
| Dietary Fiber | 8.1 g |
| Total Sugars | 15.0 g |
| Sodium | 1,436.7 mg |
| Protein | 26.9 g |
所顯示的資訊為 Edamam 的估算,基於可取得的食材與作法。本文資訊不應被視為專業營養師建議的替代品。
Do the potatoes have to be fried in Moussaka?
雖然不少版本不使用馬鈴薯,穆薩卡並非一定要炸馬鈴薯才能完成。不過有幾個理由值得考慮這樣做:在組裝前就先部分熟成的馬鈴薯,烤箱烘烤時能變得柔軟且更易層疊;若直接使用生的土豆片,煎煮完畢後會較結實、淀粉含量高,而且在茄子與肉醬這種厚重層裡,口感可能不夠柔軟。炸馬鈴薯能在外層立刻變脆,同時讓裡頭變得更軟、鬆軟;深炸能快速且穩定地讓外皮變金黃酥脆,裡頭也更柔軟。若想省時間與油脂,烤箱烤也是不錯的選項:把馬鈴薯淺薄地塗上一層油,灑鹽,烤至剛好金黃且略微鬆軟即可;切片過程中不要把它們烤得完全軟化,因為它們在組裝好的穆薩卡中還要再煮熟。
What is sweating the eggplant, and why do I need to do it for moussaka?
對茄子“出汗”實際上和聽起來的意思差不多:把切好的茄子撒鹽後放置,讓其中的水分釋出或「出汗」。再把水分吸乾,確保茄子完全乾燥後再進行烤制。鹽分會把茄子中的水分牽引出來,這有助於避免茄子在煎炸或烤焙時變得過於軟糯。這對穆薩卡尤為重要,因為茄子會與其他材料層疊,若茄子釋出過多水分,整盤會變得濕稠。
在這道食譜中之所以需要讓茄子“出汗”,是因為當它們被烘烤時,我們希望茄子片在組裝入烤盤前先呈現棕色表皮,這樣烤焙完成後才會有清晰的層次與脆香的外表。確保茄子徹底乾燥,是讓外皮最脆、最金黃的關鍵。雖然這一步看起來有點繁琐,但長遠來說,能讓穆薩卡保持結實的層次,並避免多餘的水分影響口感。